Angola

Introduction

Background

Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS stepped down from the presidency in 2017, having led the country since 1979. He pushed through a new constitution in 2010. Joao LOURENCO was elected president in August 2017 and became president of the MPLA in September 2018.

Geography

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Geographic coordinates

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Map references

Africa

Area

total: 1,246,700 sq km
land: 1,246,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km
country comparison to the world: 24

Area - comparative

about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries

total: 5,369 km
border countries (4): Democratic Republic of the Congo 2646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 231 km, Namibia 1427 km, Zambia 1065 km

Coastline

1,600 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12nm
exclusive economic zone: 200nm
contiguous zone: 24nm

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Elevation

mean elevation: 1,112 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Moca 2,620 m

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Land use

agricultural land: 47.5% (2016 est.)
arable land: 3.9% (2016 est.)/permanent crops: 0.3% (2016 est.)/permanent pasture: 43.3% (2016 est.)
forest: 46.3% (2016 est.)
other: 6.2% (2016 est.)

Irrigated land

860 sq km (2014)

Population distribution

most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda

Natural hazards

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Environment - current issues

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

People and Society

Population

30,355,880 (July 2018 est.)
note: Angola's national statistical agency projects the country's 2017 population to be 28.4 million
country comparison to the world: 45

Nationality

noun: Angolan(s)
adjective: Angolan

Ethnic groups

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Languages

Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.)
note: most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

Religions

Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)

Demographic profile

More than a decade after the end of Angola's 27-year civil war, the country still faces a variety of socioeconomic problems, including poverty, high maternal and child mortality, and illiteracy. Despite the country's rapid post-war economic growth based on oil production, about 40 percent of Angolans live below the poverty line and unemployment is widespread, especially among the large young-adult population. Only about 70% of the population is literate, and the rate drops to around 60% for women. The youthful population - about 45% are under the age of 15 - is expected to continue growing rapidly with a fertility rate of more than 5 children per woman and a low rate of contraceptive use. Fewer than half of women deliver their babies with the assistance of trained health care personnel, which contributes to Angola's high maternal mortality rate.Of the estimated 550,000 Angolans who fled their homeland during its civil war, most have returned home since 2002. In 2012, the UN assessed that conditions in Angola had been stable for several years and invoked a cessation of refugee status for Angolans. Following the cessation clause, some of those still in exile returned home voluntarily through UN repatriation programs, and others integrated into host countries.

Age structure

0-14 years: 48.07%(male 7,257,155 /female 7,336,084)
15-24 years: 18.33%(male 2,701,123 /female 2,863,950)
25-54 years: 27.95%(male 4,044,944 /female 4,441,028)
55-64 years: 3.32%(male 466,085 /female 540,452)
65 years and over: 2.32%(male 296,411 /female 408,648) (2018 est.)
population pyramid:

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 97.6 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 93 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 4.6 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 21.9 (2015 est.)

Median age

total: 15.9 years (2018 est.)
male: 15.4 years
female: 16.3 years
country comparison to the world: 224

Population growth rate

3.49% (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2

Birth rate

43.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1

Death rate

9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60

Net migration rate

0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72

Population distribution

most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda

Urbanization

urban population: 66.2% of total population(2019)
rate of urbanization: 4.32% annual rate of change(2015-20 est.)

Major urban areas - population

8.045 million LUANDA (capital), 787,000 Lubango (2019)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.4 years (2015/16 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Maternal mortality rate

241 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45

Infant mortality rate

total: 65.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
male: 71.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 60.1 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 10

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 60.6 years (2018 est.)
male: 58.5 years
female: 62.7 years
country comparison to the world: 207

Total fertility rate

6.09 children born/woman (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2

Contraceptive prevalence rate

13.7% (2015/16)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 75.4% of population
rural: 28.2% of population
total: 49% of population
unimproved: urban: 24.6% of population
rural: 71.8% of population
total: 51% of population (2015 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

2.9% (2016)

Physicians density

0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 88.6% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 22.5% of population (2015 est.)
total: 51.6% of population (2015 est.)
unimproved: urban: 11.4% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 77.5% of population (2015 est.)
total: 48.4% of population (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2% (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

330,000 (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21

HIV/AIDS - deaths

14,000 (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high (2019)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever (2019)
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria (2019)
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis (2019)
animal contact diseases: rabies (2019)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

8.2% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 154

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

19% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 29

Education expenditures

3.4% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 124

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 71.1%
male: 82%
female: 60.7% (2015)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years
male: 13 years
female: 8 years (2011)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 39.4%
male: 39%
female: 39.8% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13

Government

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Angola
conventional short form: Angola
local long form: Republica de Angola
local short form: Angola
former: People's Republic of Angola
etymology: name derived by the Portuguese from the title "ngola" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)

Government type

presidential republic

Capital

name: Luanda
geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time
etymology: originally named "Sao Paulo da Assuncao de Loanda" (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda), which over time was shortened and corrupted to just Luanda

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Independence

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

Constitution

history: previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010
amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic (2017)

Legal system

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in 2022)
election results: Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by the winning party following the 23 August 2017 general election

Legislative branch

description: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)
election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 61.1%, UNITA 26.7%, CASA-CE 9.5%, PRS 1.4%, FNLA 0.9%, other 0.5%; seats by party - MPLA 150, UNITA 51, CASA-CE 16, PRS 2, FNLA 1; composition - men 136, women 84, percent of women 38.2%

Judicial branch

highest courts: Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms
subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders

Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Andre Mendes de CARVALHO]
National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions; one led by Lucas NGONDA; the other by Ngola KABANGU
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party)
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Joao LOURENCO]; note - Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS stepped down 8 Sept 2018 ruling party in power since 1975
Social Renewal Party or PRS [Benedito DANIEL]

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Agostinho Tavares da Silva NETO (since 18 November 2014)
chancery: 2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156
FAX: [1] (202) 822-9049
consulate(s) general: Houston, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Nina Maria FITE (since 14 February 2018)
telephone: [244] 946440977
embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda, C.P. 6468, Angola
mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550
FAX: [244] (222) 64-1000

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty and black the African continent; the symbols characterize workers and peasants

National symbol(s)

Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red, black, yellow

National anthem

name: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)
lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO
note: adopted 1975

Economy

Economy - overview

Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports; Angola is an OPEC member and subject to its direction regarding oil production levels. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported.Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war (1975-2002). However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them.The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola’s economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Lower prices for oil and diamonds also resulted in GDP falling 0.7% in 2016. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009 but reinstituted it in April 2016 and maintains an overvalued exchange rate. In late 2016, Angola lost the last of its correspondent relationships with foreign banks, further exacerbating hard currency problems. Since 2013 the central bank has consistently spent down reserves to defend the kwanza, gradually allowing a 40% depreciation since late 2014. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again to above 30% from 2015-2017.Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$193.6 billion (2017 est.)
$198.6 billion (2016 est.)
$203.9 billion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 65

GDP (official exchange rate)

$126.5 billion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

-2.5% (2017 est.)
-2.6% (2016 est.)
0.9% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$6,800 (2017 est.)
$7,200 (2016 est.)
$7,600 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 160

Gross national saving

28.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
28.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 80.6% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 15.6% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 10.3% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: -1.2% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 25.4% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -30.7% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 10.2% (2011 est.)
industry: 61.4% (2011 est.)
services: 28.4% (2011 est.)

Agriculture - products

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc, tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Industries

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Industrial production growth rate

2.5% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115

Labor force

12.51 million (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 85%
industry: 15% (2015 est.)
industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate

6.6% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97

Population below poverty line

36.6% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 0.6%
highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

42.7 (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50

Budget

revenues: 37.02 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 45.44 billion (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189

Public debt

65% of GDP (2017 est.)
75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59

Fiscal year

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

29.8% (2017 est.)
30.7% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 222

Central bank discount rate

9% (31 December 2014)
25% (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 30

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.82% (31 December 2017 est.)
15.78% (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32

Stock of narrow money

$32.39 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$23.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62

Stock of broad money

$32.39 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$23.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62

Stock of domestic credit

$16.02 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$14.25 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97

Current account balance

-$1.254 billion (2017 est.)
-$4.834 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150

Exports

$33.07 billion (2017 est.)
$31.03 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60

Exports - partners

China 61.2%, India 13%, US 4.2% (2017)

Exports - commodities

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Imports

$19.5 billion (2017 est.)
$13.04 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners

Portugal 17.8%, China 13.5%, US 7.4%, South Africa 6.2%, Brazil 6.1%, UK 4% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$17.29 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$23.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63

Debt - external

$42.08 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$27.14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$11.21 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$9.16 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$28 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$23.02 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50

Exchange rates

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -
172.6 (2017 est.)
163.656 (2016 est.)
163.656 (2015 est.)
120.061 (2014 est.)
98.303 (2013 est.)

Energy

Electricity access

population without electricity: 15 million (2013)
electrification - total population: 40.5% (2016)
electrification - urban areas: 70.7% (2016)
electrification - rural areas: 16% (2016)

Electricity - production

10.2 billion kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102

Electricity - consumption

9.036 billion kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119

Electricity - installed generating capacity

2.613 million kW (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103

Electricity - from fossil fuels

34% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

64% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23

Electricity - from other renewable sources

2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132

Crude oil - production

1.593 million bbl/day (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14

Crude oil - exports

1.782 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88

Crude oil - proved reserves

9.523 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16

Refined petroleum products - production

53,480 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80

Refined petroleum products - consumption

130,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72

Refined petroleum products - exports

30,340 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62

Refined petroleum products - imports

111,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50

Natural gas - production

3.115 billion cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55

Natural gas - consumption

821.2 million cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95

Natural gas - exports

3.993 billion cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86

Natural gas - proved reserves

308.1 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

20.95 million Mt (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 161,070
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 13,323,952
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71

Telephone system

general assessment: in the process of a restructure plan and opening up the telecom sector to new competitors, while still retaining a 45% govt portion of the share;  slow progress in LTE network development, with only about 10% of the country covered by network infrastructure at the end of 2017 (2018)
domestic: only about one fixed-line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 45 telephones per 100 persons (2018)
international: country code - 244; landing points for the SAT-3/WASC, WACS, ACE and SACS fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to other countries in west Africa, Brazil, Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2019)

Broadcast media

state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half-dozen private radio stations broadcast locally

Internet country code

.ao

Internet users

total: 2,622,403
percent of population: 13% (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 96,919
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120

Military and Security

Military expenditures

1.78% of GDP (2018)
2.42% of GDP (2017)
2.95% of GDP (2016)
3.52% of GDP (2015)
5.4% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 64

Military and security forces

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Military service age and obligation

20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)

Transportation

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 10 (2015)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 55 (2015)
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,244,491 (2015)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 46.043 millionmt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

D2 (2016)

Airports

176 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 32

Airports - with paved runways

total: 31 (2017)
over 3,047 m: 7 (2017)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 (2017)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (2017)
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 145 (2013)
over 3,047 m: 2 (2013)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 (2013)
914 to 1,523 m: 66 (2013)
under 914 m: 43 (2013)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Pipelines

352 km gas, 85 km liquid petroleum gas, 1065 km oil, 5 km oil/gas/water (2013)

Railways

total: 2,852 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 2,729 km1.067-m gauge (2014)
123 km 0.600-m gauge
country comparison to the world: 63

Roadways

total: 26,000 km (2018)
paved: 13,600 km (2018)
unpaved: 12,400 km (2018)
country comparison to the world: 101

Waterways

1,300 km (2011)
country comparison to the world: 53

Merchant marine

total: 55
by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 8, other 33 (2018)
country comparison to the world: 110

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe
LNG terminal(s) (export): Angola Soyo

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international

Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 6,448 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,709 (Mauritania) (2017); 22,463 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2019)

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

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