Luxembourg

Introduction

Background

Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839 but gained a larger measure of autonomy. In 1867, Luxembourg attained full independence under the condition that it promise perpetual neutrality. Overrun by Germany in both world wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the EEC (later the EU), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency zone.

Geography

Location

Western Europe, between France and Germany

Geographic coordinates

49 45 N, 6 10 E

Map references

Europe

Area

total: 2,586 sq km
land: 2,586 sq km
water: 0 sq km
country comparison to the world: 179

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Rhode Island; about half the size of Delaware

Land boundaries

total: 327 km
border countries (3): Belgium 130 km, France 69 km, Germany 128 km

Coastline

0 km(landlocked)

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Climate

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Terrain

mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast

Elevation

mean elevation: 325 m
lowest point: Moselle River 133 m
highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m

Natural resources

iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land

Land use

agricultural land: 50.7% (2011 est.)
arable land: 24% (2011 est.)/permanent crops: 0.6% (2011 est.)/permanent pasture: 26.1% (2011 est.)
forest: 33.5% (2011 est.)
other: 15.8% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land

0 sq km (2012)

Population distribution

most people live in the south, on or near the border with France

Natural hazards

occasional flooding

Environment - current issues

air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland; unsustainable patterns of consumption (transport, energy, recreation, space) threaten biodiversity and landscapes

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Geography - note

landlocked; the only grand duchy in the world

People and Society

Population

605,764 (July 2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171

Nationality

noun: Luxembourger(s)
adjective: Luxembourg

Ethnic groups

Luxembourger 51.1%, Portuguese 15.7%, French 7.5%, Italian 3.6%, Belgian 3.3%, German 2.1%, Spanish 1.1%, British 1%, other 14.6% (2019 est.)
note: data represent population by nationality

Languages

Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language and national language (spoken vernacular)) 55.8%, Portuguese 15.7%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 12.1%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 3.1%, Italian 2.9%, English 2.1%, other 8.4% (2011 est.)

Religions

Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 70.4%, Muslim 2.3%, other (includes Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish) 0.5%, none 26.8% (2010 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 16.74%(male 52,243 /female 49,183)
15-24 years: 12.06%(male 37,391 /female 35,650)
25-54 years: 44.18%(male 137,381 /female 130,252)
55-64 years: 11.9%(male 36,670 /female 35,442)
65 years and over: 15.11%(male 41,002 /female 50,550) (2018 est.)
population pyramid:

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 43.6 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 23.5 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 20.1 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 5 (2015 est.)

Median age

total: 39.3 years (2018 est.)
male: 38.7 years
female: 39.9 years
country comparison to the world: 54

Population growth rate

1.9% (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53

Birth rate

11.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170

Death rate

7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123

Net migration rate

14.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3

Population distribution

most people live in the south, on or near the border with France

Urbanization

urban population: 91.2% of total population(2019)
rate of urbanization: 1.55% annual rate of change(2015-20 est.)

Major urban areas - population

120,000 LUXEMBOURG (capital) (2018)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

30.1 years (2015 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
male: 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 205

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 82.4 years (2018 est.)
male: 79.9 years
female: 85 years
country comparison to the world: 16

Total fertility rate

1.62 children born/woman (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 178

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

6.2% (2016)

Physicians density

3.03 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Hospital bed density

4.9 beds/1,000 population (2014)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 97.5% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 98.5% of population (2015 est.)
total: 97.6% of population (2015 est.)
unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 1.5% of population (2015 est.)
total: 2.4% of population (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.3% (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

1,200 (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139

HIV/AIDS - deaths

<100 (2018 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.6% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 74

Education expenditures

3.9% of GDP (2015)
country comparison to the world: 107

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2016)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 15.4%
male: 17.2%
female: 13.2% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89

Government

Country name

conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
conventional short form: Luxembourg
local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg
local short form: Luxembourg
etymology: the name derives from the Celtic "lucilem" (little) and the German "burg" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the "little castle"; the name is actually ironic, since for centuries the Fortress of Luxembourg was one of Europe's most formidable fortifications; the name passed to the surrounding city and then to the country itself

Government type

constitutional monarchy

Capital

name: Luxembourg
geographic coordinates: 49 36 N, 6 07 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name derives from the Celtic "lucilem" (little) and the German "burg" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the "little castle"; the name is actually ironic, since for centuries the Fortress of Luxembourg was one of Europe's most formidable fortifications; the name passed to the city that grew around the fortress

Administrative divisions

12 cantons (cantons, singular - canton); Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz

Independence

1839 (from the Netherlands)

National holiday

National Day (birthday of Grand Duke HENRI), 23 June; note - this date of birth is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the national festivities were shifted in 1962 to allow observance during a more favorable time of year

Constitution

history: previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868
amendments: proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than a quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters; amended many times, last in 2009 (2016)

Legal system

civil law system

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: limited to situations where the parents are either unknown, stateless, or when the nationality law of the parents' state of origin does not permit acquisition of citizenship by descent when the birth occurs outside of national territory
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Luxembourg
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch

chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Xavier BETTEL (since 4 December 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Etienne SCHNEIDER (since 4 December 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Felix BRAZ (since 5 December 2018)
cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies

Legislative branch

description: unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies
elections: last held on 14 October 2018 (next to be held by October 2023)
election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 28.3%, LSAP 17.6%, DP 16.9%, Green Party 15.1%, ADR 8.3%, Pirate Party 6.4%, The Left 5.5%, other 1.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 12, LSAP 10, Green Party 9, ADR 4, Pirate Party 2, The Left 2; composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%

Judicial branch

highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts: Court of Accounts; district and local tribunals and courts

Political parties and leaders

Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS]
Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ]
Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN]
Green Party [Francoise FOLMER, Christian KMIOTEK]
Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN]
The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [collective leadership, Central Committee]
other minor parties

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Sylvie LUCAS (since 16 September 2016)
chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171
FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador James Randolph "Randy" EVANS (since 19 June 2018)
telephone: [352] 46-01-23 00
embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City
mailing address: Unit 3560, APO AE 09126-3560 (official mail)
FAX: [352] 46-14-01

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; the coloring is derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms (a red lion on a white and blue striped field)

National symbol(s)

red, rampant lion; national colors: red, white, light blue

National anthem

name: "Ons Heemecht" (Our Motherland); "De Wilhelmus" (The William)
lyrics/music: Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN; Nikolaus WELTER/unknown
note: "Ons Heemecht," adopted 1864, is the national anthem, while "De Wilhelmus," adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg

Economy

Economy - overview

This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. Luxembourg, the only Grand Duchy in the world, is a landlocked country in northwestern Europe surrounded by Belgium, France, and Germany. Despite its small landmass and small population, Luxembourg is the fifth-wealthiest country in the world when measured on a gross domestic product (PPP) per capita basis. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position, with a 2017 surplus of 0.5% of GDP, and the lowest public debt level in the region.Since 2002, Luxembourg’s government has proactively implemented policies and programs to support economic diversification and to attract foreign direct investment. The government focused on key innovative industries that showed promise for supporting economic growth: logistics, information and communications technology (ICT); health technologies, including biotechnology and biomedical research; clean energy technologies, and more recently, space technology and financial services technologies. The economy has evolved and flourished, posting strong GDP growth of 3.4% in 2017, far outpacing the European average of 1.8%.Luxembourg remains a financial powerhouse – the financial sector accounts for more than 35% of GDP - because of the exponential growth of the investment fund sector through the launch and development of cross-border funds (UCITS) in the 1990s. Luxembourg is the world’s second-largest investment fund asset domicile, after the US, with $4 trillion of assets in custody in financial institutions.Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure, as well as the "LuxLeaks" scandal, which revealed advantageous tax treatments offered to foreign corporations. In 2015, the government’s compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has constricted banking activity. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-commerce has cut Luxembourg’s sales tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits as part of the tax reform package of 2017. The tax reform package also included reductions in the corporate tax rate and increases in deductions for families, both intended to increase purchasing power and increase competitiveness.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$62.11 billion (2017 est.)
$60.71 billion (2016 est.)
$58.9 billion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 105

GDP (official exchange rate)

$62.53 billion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

2.3% (2017 est.)
3.1% (2016 est.)
2.9% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$105,100 (2017 est.)
$105,400 (2016 est.)
$104,600 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 5

Gross national saving

22.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
23% of GDP (2016 est.)
23.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 30.2% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 16.5% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 16.2% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 230% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -194% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0.3% (2017 est.)
industry: 12.8% (2017 est.)
services: 86.9% (2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy and livestock products

Industries

banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology

Industrial production growth rate

1.9% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134

Labor force

282,800 (2017 est.)
note: data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany
country comparison to the world: 165

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 1.1%
industry: 20%
services: 78.9% (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

5.8% (2017 est.)
6.3% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89

Population below poverty line

NA

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 23.8% (2000)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

30.4 (2013 est.)
26 (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132

Budget

revenues: 27.75 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 26.8 billion (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

44.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23

Public debt

23% of GDP (2017 est.)
20.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
country comparison to the world: 183

Fiscal year

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.1% (2017 est.)
0% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109

Central bank discount rate

0% (31 December 2017)
0% (31 December 2010)
note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
country comparison to the world: 157

Commercial bank prime lending rate

1.9% (31 December 2017 est.)
1.98% (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186

Stock of narrow money

$275.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$229.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
note: see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
country comparison to the world: 18

Stock of broad money

$275.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$229.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18

Stock of domestic credit

$128.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$109.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51

Market value of publicly traded shares

$47.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$63.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$78.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52

Current account balance

$3.112 billion (2017 est.)
$2.988 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34

Exports

$15.99 billion (2017 est.)
$16.37 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73

Exports - partners

Germany 25.6%, Belgium 17.6%, France 14%, Netherlands 5.1%, Italy 4.1%, UK 4.1% (2017)

Exports - commodities

machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass

Imports

$20.66 billion (2017 est.)
$20.41 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76

Imports - commodities

commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, luxury consumer goods

Imports - partners

Belgium 32%, Germany 24.9%, France 11.1%, US 5.7%, Netherlands 4.9% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$878 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$974 million (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137

Debt - external

$3.781 trillion (31 March 2016 est.)
$3.806 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

NA

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.885 (2017 est.)
0.903 (2016 est.)
0.9214 (2015 est.)
0.885 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.)

Energy

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Electricity - production

334.5 million kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 178

Electricity - consumption

6.475 billion kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111

Electricity - exports

1.42 billion kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51

Electricity - imports

7.718 billion kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.709 million kW (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118

Electricity - from fossil fuels

25% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

8% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122

Electricity - from other renewable sources

67% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167

Refined petroleum products - consumption

59,850 bbl/day (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173

Refined petroleum products - imports

59,020 bbl/day (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160

Natural gas - consumption

792.8 million cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141

Natural gas - imports

792.8 million cu m (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

10.72 million Mt (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 275,300
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 794,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163

Telephone system

general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system; by 2020 the government’s program is to provide a 1Gb/s service to all citizens, and to make Luxembourg the first fully fibred country in Europe; new law requiring  SIM cards be registered has slowed down growth for mobile subscribers; 5G launch by 2020 (2018)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity about 46 per 100 persons; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system with market for mobile-cellular phones virtually saturated with 134 per 100 mobile-cellular (2018)
international: country code - 352

Broadcast media

Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL Group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available

Internet country code

.lu

Internet users

total: 567,698
percent of population: 97.5% (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 212,900
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107

Military and Security

Military expenditures

0.56% of GDP (2019 est.)
0.51% of GDP (2018)
0.52% of GDP (2017)
0.4% of GDP (2016)
0.44% of GDP (2015)
country comparison to the world: 144

Military and security forces

Luxembourg Army (l'Armée Luxembourgeoise) (2019)

Military service age and obligation

18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2019)

Transportation

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 3 (2015)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 119 (2015)
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,830,972 (2015)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 6,309,473,324mt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

LX (2016)

Airports

2 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 202

Airports - with paved runways

total: 1 (2017)
over 3,047 m: 1 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 1 (2013)
under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Pipelines

142 km gas, 27 km refined products (2013)

Railways

total: 275 km (2014)
standard gauge: 275 km1.435-m gauge (275 km electrified) (2014)
country comparison to the world: 124

Roadways

total: 2,875 km (2019)
country comparison to the world: 161

Waterways

37 km(on Moselle River) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 104

Merchant marine

total: 152
by type: bulk carrier 4, container ship 9, general cargo 6, oil tanker 2, other 131 (2018)
country comparison to the world: 70

Ports and terminals

river port(s): Mertert (Moselle)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international

none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

stateless persons: 83 (2018)

Flag of Luxembourg