San Marino

Introduction

Background

Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Geography

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Map references

Europe

Area

total: 61 sq km
land: 61 sq km
water: 0 sq km
country comparison to the world: 229

Area - comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries

total: 37 km
border countries (1): Italy 37 km

Coastline

0 km(landlocked)

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Terrain

rugged mountains

Elevation

lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 739 m

Natural resources

building stone

Land use

agricultural land: 16.7% (2011 est.)
arable land: 16.7% (2011 est.)/permanent crops: 0% (2011 est.)/permanent pasture: 0% (2011 est.)
forest: 0% (2011 est.)
other: 83.3% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land

0 sq km (2012)

Natural hazards

occasional earthquakes

Environment - current issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Geography - note

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

People and Society

Population

33,779 (July 2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215

Nationality

noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Languages

Italian

Religions

Roman Catholic

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.04%(male 2,687 /female 2,392)
15-24 years: 11.59%(male 2,046 /female 1,869)
25-54 years: 40.23%(male 6,391 /female 7,198)
55-64 years: 13.35%(male 2,215 /female 2,294)
65 years and over: 19.8%(male 3,006 /female 3,681) (2018 est.)
population pyramid:

Median age

total: 44.7 years (2018 est.)
male: 43.5 years
female: 45.7 years
country comparison to the world: 10

Population growth rate

0.7% (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143

Birth rate

8.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 214

Death rate

8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70

Net migration rate

7.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14

Urbanization

urban population: 97.4% of total population(2019)
rate of urbanization: 0.67% annual rate of change(2015-20 est.)

Major urban areas - population

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
male: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.1 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 185

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 83.4 years (2018 est.)
male: 80.8 years
female: 86.2 years
country comparison to the world: 5

Total fertility rate

1.51 children born/woman (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195

Current Health Expenditure

6.4% (2016)

Physicians density

6.15 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Hospital bed density

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

Education expenditures

3% of GDP (2017)
country comparison to the world: 139

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2012)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 27.4%
male: 21.4%
female: 36% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41

Government

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form: San Marino
etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded the monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

Government type

parliamentary republic

Capital

name: San Marino (city)
geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Independence

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

National holiday

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

Constitution

history: San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974; Declaration last amended 2019
amendments: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019 (2019)

Legal system

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Luca BOSCHI and Captain Regent Mariella MULARONI (for the period 1 October 2019 - 31 March 2020)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI (since 27 December 2016)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2019 (next to be held in March 2020); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)
election results: Luca BOSCHI (Civic 10) and Mariella MULARONI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Legislative branch

description: unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 20 November 2016 with a runoff held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)
election results: percent of vote by coalition/party in the first round - San Marino First 41.7% (PDCS 24.5%, PS 7.7%, PSD 7.2%, other 2.3%), Adesso.sm 31.4% (SSD 12.1%, RF 9.6%, Civic 10 9.3%, other 0.5%), Democracy in Action 23.2% (RETE Movement 18.3%, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 4.5%, other 0.4%), other 3.7%; percent of vote by coalition/party in the second round - Adesso.sm 57.9%, San Marino First 42.1%; seats by coalition/party - Adesso.sm 35 (SSD 14, RF 11, Civic 10 10), San Marino First 16 (PDCS 10, PS 3, PSD 3), Democracy in Action 9 (RETE Movement 8, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 1); composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%
note - because no coalition won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held between the two coalitions that had received the greatest percent of the vote, San Marino First and Adesso.sm; Adesso.sm won the runoff, and the seats were reallocated

Judicial branch

highest courts: Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Political parties and leaders

Adesso.sm (includes Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI], Civic 10 [Matteo CIACCI])
Democracy in Action (includes The RETE Movement)
New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI]
Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]
Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI]
San Marino First (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI)
Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]
Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI]
United Left or SU [Gaston PASOLINI]
We Sammarese or NS [Marco ARZILLI]

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)
chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

Embassy address:

     1711 North Street, NW (2nd Floor)
      Washington, DC 22036






telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234


[1] (202) 223-24l8
[1] (202) 751-1436
FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436

Diplomatic representation from the US

the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate general in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

National symbol(s)

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue

National anthem

name: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)
lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO
note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

Economy

Economy - overview

San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy.San Marino's economy contracted considerably in the years since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues all contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits.The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.064 billion (2017 est.)
$2.026 billion (2016 est.)
$1.983 billion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 195

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.643 billion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

1.9% (2017 est.)
2.2% (2016 est.)
0.6% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$59,000 (2017 est.)
$59,600 (2016 est.)
$58,300 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 20

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: NA (2011 est.)
government consumption: NA (2011 est.)
investment in fixed capital: NA (2011 est.)
investment in inventories: NA (2011 est.)
exports of goods and services: 176.6% (2011)
imports of goods and services: -153.3% (2011)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0.1% (2009)
industry: 39.2% (2009)
services: 60.7% (2009)

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Industrial production growth rate

-1.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 178

Labor force

21,960 (September 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 0.2%
industry: 33.5%
services: 66.3% (September 2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

8.1% (2017 est.)
8.6% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118

Population below poverty line

NA

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA

Budget

revenues: 667.7 million (2011 est.)
expenditures: 715.3 million (2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

40.6% (of GDP) (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129

Public debt

24.1% of GDP (2017 est.)
22.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180

Fiscal year

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1% (2017 est.)
0.6% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.92% (31 December 2011 est.)
5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127

Stock of narrow money

$1.326 billion (31 December 2007)
country comparison to the world: 147

Stock of broad money

$4.584 billion (31 December 2007)
country comparison to the world: 113

Stock of domestic credit

$8.822 billion (30 September 2010)
$8.008 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 112

Market value of publicly traded shares

NA

Current account balance

$0 (2017 est.)
$0 (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67

Exports

$3.827 billion (2011 est.)
$2.576 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Imports

$2.551 billion (2011 est.)
$2.132 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food, energy

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$392 million (2014 est.)
$539.3 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161

Debt - external

NA

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.885 (2017 est.)
0.903 (2016 est.)
0.9214 (2015 est.)
0.885 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.)

Energy

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 15,800
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 38,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 113 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205

Telephone system

general assessment: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2018)
domestic: fixed-line 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity 113 telephones per 100 persons (2018)
international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

Internet country code

.sm

Internet users

total: 17,200
percent of population: 52.6% (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 12,500
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166

Military and Security

Military and security forces

No regular military forces; Voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari), which includes a Uniformed Militia (performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions) and Guard of the Great and General Council (defends the Captains Regent and the Great and General Council, participates in official ceremonies, cooperates with the maintenance of public order on special occasions, and performs guard duties during parliamentary sittings).  The Police Corps includes the Gendarmerie, which is responsible for maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property, and providing assistance during disasters. (2019)

Military service age and obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

T7 (2016)

Roadways

total: 292 km (2006)
paved: 292 km (2006)
country comparison to the world: 197

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international

none

Flag of San Marino