Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Infectious Agents

Several families of enveloped RNA viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs).
Filoviruses include the Ebola viruses, which cause Ebola virus disease (EVD), and Marburg virus, which causes Marburg virus disease (MVD). Arenaviruses include Lassa virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and Lujo, Guanarito, Machupo, Junin, Sabia, and Chapare viruses. Bunyaviruses include Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, and hantavirus. The flaviviruses include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, Kyasanur Forest disease virus, and Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (also see the Dengue and Yellow Fever sections in this chapter).

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